Indirect and reported speech

Angleščina · 9. razred

Today, we're learning about Indirect or Reported Speech. This is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. It's like re-telling a story!

Ilustracija: Indirect and reported speech

Ključni pojmi

Direct Speech: Exact words of the speaker, usually in quotation marks.
Reported Speech: Tells what was said, but not in the speaker's exact words.
Backshift: Verb tense shifts back one tense in reported speech.
Reporting Verb: The verb used to introduce reported speech (e.g., 'said', 'told').

Direct vs. Reported Speech & Key Changes

Direct speech uses the speaker's exact words in quotation marks, like 'He said, "I am happy."' Reported speech tells us what was said, but not in the exact words, and without quotation marks, for example, 'He said that he was happy.' When changing to reported speech, pronouns often change to fit the new speaker's view. Also, time and place expressions like 'now' or 'here' change to 'then' or 'there'.

Direct speech uses exact words and quotation marks.
Reported speech re-tells what was said without exact words or quotation marks.
Pronouns and time/place expressions change in reported speech.

Verb Tense Changes (Backshift)

One important change is 'backshift' in verb tenses. When the reporting verb (like 'said') is in the past, the verb in the reported speech usually shifts back one tense. For example, Present Simple becomes Past Simple. Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous, and Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect. Past Simple changes to Past Perfect, and 'will' becomes 'would'.

Verb tenses 'backshift' when the reporting verb is in the past.
Present Simple changes to Past Simple.
Future Simple (will) changes to Conditional (would).

Reporting Questions and Commands

When reporting questions, we don't use question marks and the word order changes to a statement. For yes/no questions, we use 'if' or 'whether'. For other questions, we use the original question word (who, what). For commands and requests, we use 'to' followed by the infinitive verb. For example, 'He told me to sit down' instead of 'He said, "Sit down!"'

Reported questions lose question marks and change word order.
Use 'if'/'whether' for yes/no questions.
Use 'to' + infinitive for reported commands and requests.

Zanimivosti

The word 'that' after the reporting verb (like 'said') is often optional.
Words like 'could', 'would', 'should' usually don't change in reported speech.

Povzetek

Reported speech helps us re-tell what others have said without using their exact words. It involves changes in pronouns, verb tenses (backshift), and time/place expressions. Questions and commands also have specific rules for reporting.

Pogosta vprašanja

Kaj se naučimo pri temi Indirect and reported speech?

Today, we're learning about Indirect or Reported Speech. This is how we tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. It's like re-telling a story!

Kaj je direct speech?

Exact words of the speaker, usually in quotation marks.

Kaj je reported speech?

Tells what was said, but not in the speaker's exact words.

Kaj je backshift?

Verb tense shifts back one tense in reported speech.

Kako na kratko povzamemo temo Indirect and reported speech?

Kje najdem vaje in vprašanja za temo Indirect and reported speech?

Za temo Indirect and reported speech (Angleščina, 9. razred) so v aplikaciji Učko.si kviz z vprašanji in odgovori ter vaje za preverjanje znanja.

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